One of the most common metal casting processes is sand casting, in which the mold is made from two halves. The two halves come in a box called a flask, the top half is called the upper half and the lower half is called the pendant. The flask is also divided into two halves as shown in the image below. The line that separates the two halves is called the dividing line.

Sand casting steps
Here are the seven main steps of the sand casting process
In the mold making step, the sand mold is formed by filling sand into the mold around the mold. The sand mold is divided into two halves, the upper half is called "Cope" and the lower half is called "Drag". When the pattern is removed from the cavity, it forms a residue for pouring molten metal. The mold will have other features such as gates, runners, gates, pouring cups, risers, etc., which will be discussed in detail later.
The clamping step involves firmly clamping the two mold halves, Cope and Drag, together in preparation for pouring metal.
The poured molten metal is kept at the set temperature. Quickly pour molten metal to avoid early solidification and
Once the poured molten metal enters the cavity, it begins to cool and solidify. Most of the possible sand casting defects are introduced during this solidification stage
Once the cooling time has elapsed, the mould can be shaken out/broken and cast
Trimming includes cleaning and removing parts connected to major components such as runners, runners, etc.